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The natural history of dogs : Canidae or genus Canis of authors ; including also the genera Hyaena and Proteles / by Lieut. Col…
86 INTRODUCTION.
Mr Bell concludes these observations in the fol-
lowing words :—* Upon the whole, the argument
in favour of…
INTRODUCTION. 87
We may therefore commence our remarks by
observing that dogs are found in every quarter of
the globe,…
88 INTRODUGTION.
Now, adverting to the circumstance of the fertility
of the mixed hreed hetween wolf and dog (one cer-…
INTRODUGOTION, 89
Or in the case noticed by Mr Hodgson at Katman-
doo, swhere his experiments proved the Capra tharal®
and…
80 INTRODUCTION.
the fivst division of his arrangement, where he refers
to the wolf; and thus far left the argument of…
INTRODUCTION, 91
pean, demands at least that we should suspend our
opinion until this question be better elucidated. As
for…
92 INTRODUCTION.
terminology. The French have adopted a clear dis-
tinction, by naming the dog considered as a genuine
wild…
INTRODUCTION, 93
pass from one to the other, from the largest Irish
greyhound, through wolves, dogs, jackals, and
foxes,…
94 INTRODUCTION.
Society, in February 1837, are correet, the vertebra
of the back, loins,and sacrum differ, between the wild…
INTRODUCTION. 93
the foxes, some onc species, let us say the wolf, is
parent of the whole,—and therefore that the genus…
96 INTRODUGTION.
tion.* Writers more imbued with the spirit of
system than with the phenomena they have to
investigate and…
INTRODUCTION. 97
swered that dogs proceeded from the species in the
ark, what becomes of the Mongolic, the Negro, and
the…
98 INTRODUCTION,
abundant. Yet none of these dogs have assumed
its aspect ; nor have they mixcd, further south, with…
INTRODUCTION. 99
about four thousand years, or of fifteen hundred,
perhaps mearly two thousand, generations.* If it
were…
100 j INTRODUCTION.
had had other results, it would still have remaincd
to be decided, whether a litter wholly of wolf ex-…
INTRODUCTION. 101
Europe, the fiercest dogs, such as the packs kept by
the feudal nobility for boar and wolf hunting, were…
102 INTRODUCTION.
writers, and are led by inferences from their own
observations, rather than by the authority of names.
‘We…
INTRODUCTION. 103
cune autre espéee sauvage, par lu conformation, et
par la facilité de apprivoiser.”
In conclusion, we may…
104 INTRODUCTION,
other laws, whose periods of operation we are not
competent to measure,
Without, therefore, recapitulating…
INTRODUCTION. 1035
climate and in captivity, are not conclusive because
they have terminated in the negative. We may add,…
166 INTRODUCTION,
they be without a known prototype, we might form
a system as philosophically admissible as our present…
INTRODUCTION. 107
This distribution is sufficiently correet, in a gene-
ral point of view, to merit consideration ; and the…
108 INTRODUCTION.
sce how or why a difficulty should be overcome,
which in itsclf seems to lic more in the maxims of
a…
INTRODUCTION. 109
among ossiferous debris, or are found under ques-
tionable circumstances; as if the progress of man
with…
110 INTRODUCTION.
canines arc investigated ; and although the author’s object
was 1ot to question the single or plural view…
THE
- CANINE FAMILY IN GENERAL,
OR THE
GENUS CANIS, (Lx~.).
Dogs, taken in a collective sense, constitute a family
of…
112 THE CANINE FAMILY
have undergone, can fix species by such aid, con-
sistently with their own argument, we do not pre-…
IN GENERAL. 113
laxity is so very great, the general structure of the
animals cannot depart from this leading and chief…
-4 THE CANINE FAMILY
and all the teeth are proportionably stronger than in
the dingo.
The teeth of canide consist, in the…
INGENERAL. 1|5
absolutely exclusive subsisteuce of canines to be
animal food ; and this law, with its modifications,
is so…
116 THE CANINE FAMILY
stantly wanting ; and the same difference occurs in
the Canis Dukhunensis of Colonel Sykes, and in all…
IN GENERAL. 115
or five ; one group alone has only four toes on all
the feet. In all of them the two middic toes are
longest…
118 THE CANINE FAMILY
hangs to the Jeft; which Sonmini justly ascribes to
their action of galloping.
The mamma are from six…
IN GENERAL. 119
cleanly as animals of the cat kind. In this respect
the nocturnal species, whose fur is also more close
and…
120 THE CANINE FAMILY
exceeds twenty years. Tle phenomena of gestation
in canines demand some observations, from the
number…
IN GENERAL. 121
first state of existence, may be one of the many
provisions of Nature to keep up the balance be-
tween the…
122 THE CANINE FAMILY
hostility of his family to tigers, by lis unceasing
pursuit of them in the night, and announcing his…
IN GENERAL. 123
the thighs and shoulders fleshy, and the legs ten-
dinous ; the muscles appear very prominent, but the
gait…
124 TIHE CANINE FAMILY
and France, hydrophobia attacks svolves and foxes
as well as the dogs ; both the first mentioned are…
IN GENERAL. 125
formerly had their earths in Germany. Many of the
species hunt in troops; those who are permanent…
126 THE CANINE FAMILY
and races that have since been nearly or entirely
extirpated.
This opinion is strengthened by the fact…
IN GENERAL. 127
now are in Natoiia, Canines are indicated by them
under denominations which the moderns applied at
random to…
THE DIURNAL CANIDZA.
Tae several groups of canine animals which are
provided with a circular disk or round pupa in the
eyes…
SUB-GENUS I. CHAON.
SECTION I. LUPUS.
THE WOLVES.
Lupus, Linn.—Sub-genus Chaon, Ifam. Smith.
Tug typical wolf of Europe and…
130 TITE WOLVES.
In stature and strength the wolves of Europe
vary but stightly, and cqual or surpass the largest
and most…
THE WOLVES. 131
when they wish to conceal a part of their food or
the droppings about their lairs. The parent wolves
punish…
132 THE WOLVES.
Tartary have different manners, probably from ne-
cessity, not choice.
1t is said that the burrows of wolves…
TOE WOLVES. 133
listening, snuffing up the air, smelling the ground,
and springing over the threshold without touching
it.…
134 TIE WOLVES,
ately devour him. At the elose of the appalling
famine which desolated India, now more than a
quarter of a…
THOE WOLVES, 135
made cfforts to drag him through; his cries awa-
Lening the whole vicinity, the beast was conupelled
to…
136 THE WOLVES.
zally repel the attack, killing one or more of the
enemy. Smgle horses fight a wolf by striling with’
the…
TUE WOLVES. 137
employing them to extirpate their common enemy ;
particularly as in times of peace their garrison
duties are…
138 THE WOLVES.
by Buffon, disclose the usual disposition of wolves,
yet when taken young and under judicious treat-
ment,…
AL WOLVES. 129
Jjust as the most attached dog would have done
alter @ scparation of a few days. Unhappily his
master was…
140 THE WOLVES,
Dblished ; he resumed his good condition of body
and brilliant coat ; his keepers could again approach
him…
THE WOLVES, 141
holes, or under the most sheltered and impenetrable
covers, where a bed of mess is gathered by the
mother…
142 THE WOLVES.
pearing, in Europe at least, that wolves by no
means pair every autumnn.
The malevolent sagacity, fearful…
THE WOLVES. 143
wolves, Some nations of antiquity, as well as the
more recent noble tribes of Goths and Saxoms,
claimed the…
144 THE WOLVES.
Asla, we are still insufficiently acquainted with
several that are known to exist, to pronounce with…
THE WOLVES. 145
ring to Oppian,* whose information on the subject
is by far the most distinct, that he cnumerates no
less…
14s THE WOLVES.
The fourth and fifth, acimones, and perhaps ieti-
nus, were smaller; with a lengthened body, strong
and…
THE WOLVES. 147
refer to a canine commonly considered as a fox; but
it is larger, more bulky, low on the legs, with a
hoary…
148
TIIE COMMON WOLF.
Lupus vdgaris.
PLATE L.
Tur common wolf of Western Kurope is in stature
from twenty-seven to twenty-…
THE COMMON WOLF. 149
In colour, the head, face, neck, and back is light
grey; the hair being a mixtare of sandy and ash;
on…
THE BLACK WOLF,
Lupus lyeaon.
PLATE I
Tr1s species is at least equal in stature to the com-
mon wolf, and even stronger in…
THE BLACK WOLF. 151
the species, appears in doubt whether it be uot hy-
brid ; although in a former part of the same account…
152 THE BLACK WOLF.
now the lobo will accompany strings of mules as
soon as it becomes dusky. They arc seen bonnding
from…
THE BLACK WOLF, 153
mal, and there is an indication that, like the former,
it assimilatcs more with dogs than the grey wolf…
154 TIR BLACK WOLF.
was killed in Scotland, in 1680, by Sir Ewen Came-
ron; and in Ireland, the last presentment for killing…
THE AMERICAN WOLVES, 155
fore-wrists is present, The grey about the cyes
and face, in old individuals, is likewise similar;…
156 THE AMERICAN WOLVES.
their fur is shining and pure black : of the former,
Mr Griffith, in the English version of the…
157
THE DUSKY WOLF.
Lupus nubilus, Wizo.
PLATE IIL
OBsERVED in latitudes to the north of the Canadas,
presents the…
WOLF OF SOUTHERN STATES, N. AMERICA,
Tupus Meaicanus, Swrs,
PLATE IV.
Is still very imperfoctly known, although it was…
NORTH AMERICA WOLF. 159
of their fur, for we figure here an individual shot in
Virginia, which is evidently much allied to,…
160
SECTION II. LYCISCUS*
THE LYCISCAN DOGS.
UnpEr this denomination we propose to class the
dinrnal camines that are not…
TIE LYCISCAN DOGS, 1561
in our present state of knowledge concerning them,
being no more than to place their names in one…
162
NORTII AMERICAN PRAIRIE WOLF.
Lyeiscus latrans.
PLATE V.
Tuts species, partly residing in the higher latitudes
of the…
NORTII AMERICAN PRAIRIE WOLT. 163
of Zupus. The choice of open plains, burrowing in
large communities, instinctive…
164
THE CAYGOTTE* OF MEXICO.
Lyoiscas cagottis, Smti.
PLATE VL
Tan Caygotte of the Mexican Spaniards, and most
probably…
THE CAYGOTTE OF MEXICO. 165
white. The Indians named it qguarra, an appella-
tion e shall find in the sequel applied to…
166 TIE CAYGOTTE OF MEXICO.
for domestic purposes. Captain Williamson con-
founds them with his deriaks, but they arc…
167
SECTION TII. CHRYSEUS.
THE RED DOGS.
Tue second group of wild dogs belongs to the old
continent, and at present is…
168 THE RED DOGS. b
great personal courage, and the instinct of defend-
ing each other in danger. Their voice is a kind of…
TIE RED DOGS. 169
many and his demon hounds, the Hellequin and
King Arthur in the forest of Broceliant.
As we find species…
170 THE RED DOGS,
attracted inquiry much earlier. It is because we
think there is sufficient evidence to presume that it
was…
THE RED DOGS. 21711
ported to have quite as much instinet and discern-
ment as the familiar breeds, but it is not as yet…
172 TIE RED DOGS.
The Dhole of Mr Wooller, discovered by him in
the Mahablishwar hills, is also considered to be at
most…
THE RED DOGS. 173
the other seen in the sonthern provinces. This
Dhole was represented to be a robust thick-bodied
animal,…
174 THE, RED DOGS.
of Beloochistan, one of two species of wild canines
found in the woody mountains of South-eastern
Persia…
THE RED DOGS, 175
the west, a wild species still larger than the red,
which had so much white that the brown and black…
176 THE RED DOGS.
the Avzp Hovges or Aureus of Oppian, which he
relates was a resident of the rocky jungles of Mount
Amanus…
THE RED DJCS. 1%
All these characters are perfectly applieable to the
Chryseus of our type, and to its varieties. The…
178 THE RED DOGS,
dentally recorded;* and Pliny, who collected all
the information within his reach, withount attempt-
ing…
THE TRUE DHOLE*
Clryseus scyla, SMITH,
PLATE VIL
The Dhole of Capt. Williamson, and Quiloe of Dir. Daniel
Joknson.
Tne…
180 THE TRUE DHOLE.
zle, back of the ears, and feet sooty. From this
description the animal differs from Chryseus prime-
2…
181
DHOLE OF CEYLON,
Chryseus Ceglonicus.
PLATE VIIL
Canis Ceylonicus, Skaw; or Wild Dog of Caylon,
Fnst described by…
132 DHOLE OF CEYLOX,
mined, in Holland, the skin of a dog which was said
to have come from Ceylon and corresponded suffi-…
DHOLE OF CEYLON, 185
Mcbbia of Congo, which assemble to the number
of thirty or forty, and hunt all kinds of animals,
but…
184
THE PAR[AH DOG.
Clinyseus pahariak, Nowis.
Chien marron of the French at Pondicherry.
It may be questioned whether the…
THE PARIAH DOG. 185
notice taken that they burrow, apparently resem-
bling in this respect the rest of the present group;…